From residential to tourist function in urban spaces: measurement of causal factors using digital tools

Main Article Content

Pilar Díaz Cuevas
Alfonso Fernández Tabales

Abstract

The main objective of the article is to demonstrate through quantitative data the mechanisms that operate in the transformation of the housing market as a consequence of the touristification of urban destinations. The specific objectives are to design and apply indicators, based on digital tools, intended to show the relationship between tourist rental housing (T.R.H.) and the rest of the housing stock; to establish the differences in income generated for owners between offering rental housing to tourist or residential demand; determine, on an intra-urban scale, the vulnerability that the phenomenon generates for access to housing for the resident population; evaluate the effect of the phenomenon on the displacement of residents from urban centres to other areas of the city. The historical centres of Seville, Cordoba and Granada, which account for the majority of urban tourism in Andalusia, are selected as case studies. Their data are obtained mainly by means of web scraping techniques, applied to the main on-line T.R.H. platforms. The main result is the quantification of the income difference, which is favourable to tourist rentals in all cases, and the identification of sections of the city where the phenomenon represents a greater impact for the vulnerable population.



Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Díaz Cuevas, P., & Fernández Tabales, A. (2023). From residential to tourist function in urban spaces: measurement of causal factors using digital tools. Boletín De La Asociación Española De Geografía, (99). https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.3460

References

Alianza para la Excelencia Turística (2022). Evidencias de los efectos del resurgir de las viviendas turísticas en las ciudades españolas y recomendaciones para su tratamiento. https://www.exceltur.org/monograficos/monograficos-revitur/

Almeida, F., Cortés, R., & Balbuena, A. (2019). Tourism-phobia in historic centres: the case of Malaga. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2823

Ardura, A.; Lorente, I., & Sorando, D. (2021). Vivir en la incertidumbre: burbuja de alquiler y olas de gentrificación entre crisis en Madrid. Revista INVI, 36(101), 56-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582021000100056

Aparicio Guerrero, A. E., Serrano Gil, Ó., García Marchante, J. S., & Fernández Fernández, M. C. (2021). New forms of tourist accommodation in Castilla-La Mancha: evolution, qualification and territorial distribution. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (89). https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.3100L

Arias, A., & Quaglieri, A. (2016). Unravelling Airbnb: Urban perspectives from Barcelona. In A.P. Russo & G. Richards (Eds.), Reinventing the Local in Tourism: Producing, Consuming and Negotiating Place (pp. 209-228). Channel View Publications.

Barrero Rescalvo, M., & Jover Báez, J. (2020). Paisajes de la turistificación: una aproximación metodológica a través del caso de Sevilla. Cuadernos Geográficos, 60(1), 13-34. https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v60i1.13599

Benitez-Aurioles, B., & Tussyadiah, L. (2020). What Airbnb does to the housing market. Annals of Tourism Research, 90(1), 103108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103108

Blanco, A., & Blázquez, M. (2019a). Marchandisation touristique du logement et planification urbaine à Barcelone. Sud-Ouest Européen, 46, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.4000/soe.4568

Camarillo-Naranjo, J.M., Carracedo, J., Díaz, I., & Vallejo, I. (2022). Patrones de distribución de las Viviendas para Fines Turísticos en grandes ciudades andaluzas. In I. Díaz & M. Barrero (Eds.): Turismo, Desarrollo urbano y crisis en las grandes ciudades andaluzas (pp. 53-72). Comares.

Camarillo-Naranjo, J.M., Vallejo Villalta, I., Fernandez Tabales, A., & Santos, Pavón, E. (2022). Where is tourist housing actually located? New approaches and sources for detailed scale analysis. European Planning Studies, 30(4), 744-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.2002825

Chamusca, P., Rio Fernandes, J., Carvalho, L., & Mendes, T. (2019). The role of Airbnb creating a “new”-old city centre: facts, problems and controversies in Porto. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2820

Clancy, M. (2020). Tourism, financialization, and short-term rentals: the political economy of Dublin’s housing crisis. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1786027

Cócola-Gant, A., & Gago, A. (2019). Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: a case study in Lisbon. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(7), 1671-1688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19869012

Decreto 28/2016, de 2 de febrero, de las viviendas con fines turísticos y de modificación del Decreto 194/2010, de 20 de abril, de establecimientos de apartamentos turísticos. Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía - Histórico del BOJA, nº28, 11 de febrero de 2016. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/2016/28/6

De la Calle, M. (2019). Turistificación de centros urbanos: clarificando el debate. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 1-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2829.

Díaz-Cuevas, M.P., & Becerra-Fernández, D. (2022). Redes sociales y Turismo. El uso de InstaSights en el análisis de áreas e hitos turísticos de la ciudad de Córdoba (Andalucía, España). In M.A. Martínez Sala, C. Paradinas Márquez & D. Muñoz Sastre (Coord.), Comunicación y soluciones digitales para nuevos contenidos (pp. 145-158). Gedisa.

Dol, K., Cruz, E., Lambea, N., Hoekstra, Cano, G., & Etxezarreta, A. (2017). Regionalization of housing policies? An exploratory study of Andalusia, Catalonia and the Basque Country. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32, 581-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-016-9528-z

Dudas, G., Vida, G., Kovalcsik, T., & Boros, L. (2017). A socio-economic analysis of Airbnb in New York City. Regional Studies, 7(1), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS07108

ESRI (2021). Un paseo introductorio por las referencias de las herramientas de geoprocesamiento. https://desktop.arcgis.com/es/arcmap/10.3/main/tools/a-quick-tour-of-geoprocessing-tool-references.htm.

Fernández Salinas, V. (2003). La vivienda modesta y patrimonio cultural: Los corrales y patios de vecindad en el conjunto histórico de Sevilla. Scripta Nova, 7. https://raco.cat/index.php/ScriptaNova/article/view/60272

Easton, S., Lees, L., Hubbard, P., & Tate, N. (2019). Measuring and mapping displacement: The problem of quantification in the battle against gentrification. Urban Studies, 57(2), 286-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019851953

García-Ayllón, S. (2018). Urban Transformations as an Indicator of Unsustainability in the P2P Mass Tourism Phenomenon: The Airbnb Case in Spain through Three Case Studies. Sustainability, 10(8), 2933. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082933

García Hernández, M., De la Calle Vaquero, M., & Yubero Bernabé, C. (2017). Cultural heritage and urban tourism: historic city centres under pressure. Sustaninability, 9(8), 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081346

García-López, M.À., Jofre-Monseny, J., Martínez-Mazza, R., & Segú, M. (2020). Do short-term rental platforms affect housing markets? Evidence from Airbnb in Barcelona. Journal of Urban Economics, 119, 103278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2020.103278

Gotham, K.F. (2005). Tourism gentrification: The case of New Orleans’ Vieux Carre (French Quarter). Urban Studies, 42(7), 1099-1121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500120881

Gutiérrez, J., García-Palomares, J.C., Romanillos, G., & Salas-Olmedo, M.H. (2017). The eruption of Airbnb in tourist cities: Comparing spatial patterns of hotels and peer-to-peer accommodation in Barcelona. Tourism Management, (72), 278-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.05.003

Ioannides, D., Röslmaier, M., & Van der Zee, E. (2018). Airbnb as an instigator of ‘tourism bubble’ expansion in Utrecht's Lombok neighbourhood. Tourism Geographies, 21(5), 822-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1454505

IECA, Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía (2023). Datos Espaciales de Referencia de Andalucía. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadisticaycartografia/DERA/index.htm

INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2021). Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera. https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177015&menu=resultados&idp=1254735576863

INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2019). Medición del número de viviendas turísticas en España y su capacidad. https://www.ine.es/experimental/viv_turistica/experimental_viv_turistica.htm

Jover, J., & Díaz-Parra, I. (2019). Gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification in Seville, Spain. Urban Studies, 57(15), 3044-3059.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019857585

Lee, D. (2016). How Airbnb short-term rentals exacerbate Los Angeles’s affordable housing crisis: Analysis and policy recommendations. Harvard Law Policy Review, 10(1), 229-253. https://journals.law.harvard.edu/lpr/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2016/02/10.1_10_Lee.pdf

Liang, C., Yeung, M.C.H., & Au, A.K.M. (2021). The impact of Airbnb on housing affordability: evidence from Hong Kong. Environment and Planning, 49(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/239 98083211043123

López, L., Pazos Otón, M., & Piñeiro Antelo, M. (2019). ¿Existe overtourism en Santiago de Compostela? Contribuciones para un debate ya iniciado. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 2825, 1-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2825

López-Gay, A., Sales i Favà, J., Solana Solana, M., Fernández, A., & Peralta, A. (2019). Midiendo los procesos de gentrificación en Barcelona y Madrid: una propuesta metodológica. In XIII CTV 2019 Proceedings: XIII International Conference on Virtual City and Territory: “Challenges and paradigms of the contemporary city”. Barcelona, October 2-4. https://doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8680

Martínez-Caldentey, M. A., Blázquez-Salom, M., & Murray, I. (2020). Habitabilidad y Airbnb: El alquiler de la vivienda en el distrito centro de Madrid. Cuadernos de Turismo, (46), 367-393. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.451881

Merante, M., & Horn, K.M. (2017). Is Home Sharing Driving up Rents? Evidence from Airbnb in Boston. Journal of Housing Economics, (38), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2017.08.002

Mínguez, C., Piñeira, M.J., & Fernández-Tabales, A. (2019). Social Vulnerability and Touristification of Historic Centers. Sustainability, 11, 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164478

Mikulić, J., Vizek, M., Stojčić, N., Payne, J.E., Časni, A.Č., & Barbić, T. (2021). The effect of tourism activity on housing affordability. Annals of Tourism Research, 90, 103264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103264

MTMAU, Ministerio de Transporte, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana (2023). Índice alquiler de vivienda. https://www.mitma.gob.es/vivienda/alquiler/indice-alquiler.

Mordue T. (2017). New urban tourism and new urban citizenship: researching the creation and management of postmodern urban public space. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(4), 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-04-2017-0025

Mozo, I., Morandeira-Arca, J., Etxezarreta-Etxarri. A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2023). Is the effect of Airbnb on the housing market different in medium-sized cities? Evidence from a Southern European city. Urban Research & Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2023.2179419

Oppilard, F. (2017). From San Francisco’s ‘Tech Boom 2.00 to Valparaiso’s UNESCO World Heritage Site: Resistance to tourism gentrification from a comparative political perspective. In C. Colomb & J. Novy (Eds.), Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City (pp. 129-151). Routledge.

Overwater, A., & Yorke-Smith, N. (2022). Agent-based simulation of short-term peer-to-peer rentals: Evidence from the Amsterdam housing market. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 49(1), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211000747

Parralejo, J., Díaz-Parra, I., & Pedregal, B. (2022). Procesos sociodemográficos y alquileres turísticos en centros históricos. Los casos de Sevilla y Cádiz. Revista EURE - Revista de Estudios Urbano Regionales, 48(145), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.7764/EURE.48.145.08

Schneiderman, E.T. (2014). Airbnb in the city. Office of the Attorney General of the State of New York.. https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/reports/AIRBNB_REPORT.pdf

Yrigoy, I. (2016). The impact of Airbnb in the urban arena: towards a tourism-led gentrification? The case-study of Palma old quarter (Mallorca, Spain). In M. Blàzquez, M. Mir-Gual, I. Murray & G.X. Pons (Eds.), Turismo y crisis, turismo colaborativo y ecoturismo (pp. 281-289). XV Coloquio de Geografía del Turismo, el Ocio y la Recreación de la AGE. Monografies de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears 23. https://www.age-geografia.es/downloads/Monografies_SHNB_2016_vol023.pdf

Valente, R., Russo, A.P., Vermeulen, S., & Milone, F.L. (2022). Tourism pressure as a driver of social inequalities: a BSEM estimation of housing instability in European urban areas. European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764221078729

Velasco González, M., Herrero López, R., & López Sánchez, E. (2019). El orden del caos: la decisión del gobierno ante el problema del impacto del turismo en el centro urbano de Madrid. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2832

Wyman, D., Mothorpe, C., & McLeod, B. (2022). Airbnb and VRBO: the impact of short-term tourist rentals on residential property pricing, Current Issues in Tourism, 25(20), 3279-3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1711027

Wu, T.P. (2019). Does tourism affect house prices? Evidence from China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(4), 490-502. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2019.1582449

Zhu, H., Yu, W., & Li, J. (2023). The spatial injustice in tourism-led historic urban area renewal: an analytical framework from stakeholder analysis. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2203849